In a significant and poignant moment for Mexico, newly inaugurated President Claudia Sheinbaum issued an official apology on October 2, 2024, for the military’s role in the tragic massacre of students in 1968. This solemn acknowledgment of past wrongs took place during her first morning press conference at the National Palace in Mexico City, just a day after she was sworn in as the country’s first female president.
Reflecting on the historical event, Sheinbaum, a former student activist who identifies herself as the “daughter of ’68,” emphasized the importance of remembrance. “October 2nd will not be forgotten!” she declared, honoring the anniversary of the tragic incident. Official reports indicate that at least 30 individuals lost their lives when security forces opened fire on students participating in a peaceful demonstration in the Tlatelolco district of Mexico City, just days before the nation hosted the Olympic Games. However, families and activists contend that the true death toll was much higher, estimating around 400 fatalities.
During her address, Sheinbaum announced that a formal decree would be enacted to classify the killings as a crime against humanity. She made a powerful promise that such violence would not be tolerated in the future, stating, “Never again would the security forces be used to attack or repress the people of Mexico.” This declaration came on the eve of a planned protest in Mexico City, where hundreds gathered to demand justice for the victims of the massacre.
Sheinbaum’s connection to the events of 1968 is deeply personal. Born in Mexico City to Bulgarian and Lithuanian Jewish immigrants during a period of political turbulence, she witnessed firsthand the struggles faced by students and activists seeking to dismantle the longstanding grip of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) on power. Notably, her mother, a university professor, lost her position for her outspoken condemnation of the massacre.
Following Sheinbaum’s remarks, thousands participated in the annual demonstration honoring the fallen students. However, tensions flared as some protesters, identified as part of the “black bloc” due to their hooded attire, clashed with police, throwing stones and firecrackers at officers stationed near the Zocalo, the main square of Mexico City and the location of the presidential palace.
Among the protesters was Oscar Menendez, a 90-year-old survivor of the 1968 tragedy, who expressed skepticism about the efficacy of an apology without subsequent action. “It is not enough to apologize. We want justice… You can give apologies to your friends, but not to us who gave our lives to change this country,” he asserted. Similarly, Angel Rodriguez, 76, who also participated in the student movement, acknowledged the apology as a step toward healing but indicated that it should have been offered by previous administrations immediately following the massacre.
Sheinbaum, who holds a degree in science, secured a landslide victory in the June elections, promising to uphold the left-wing reform agenda of her predecessor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador. Lopez Obrador, who exited office this week after six years due to Mexico’s single-term limit, enjoyed a high approval rating of approximately 70%, largely due to his policies aimed at benefiting poorer citizens.
As Sheinbaum takes office, she faces the daunting challenge of addressing rampant criminal violence in the country, a crisis linked to drug trafficking and gang activity that has resulted in over 450,000 deaths since 2006. She is expected to unveil her security strategy in the coming week, outlining her plans to tackle this pressing issue.
The apology for the 1968 student massacre represents a crucial step in the ongoing journey toward justice and reconciliation in Mexico. As the nation grapples with its past, the hope is that this acknowledgment will pave the way for a more transparent and accountable government moving forward.
